Gene Therapy Delivery Of Nerve Growth Factors Reverses Erectile Dysfunction In Rats
Rats with erectile dysfunction, that were injected with a gene therapy vector containing either of two nerve growth factors were able to regain normal function after four weeks, according to a study conducted by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine researchers. These findings were presented at the 10th annual meeting of the American Society of Gene Therapy, at the Washington State Convention & Trade Center, Seattle. erectile dysfunction is the repeated inability to achieve or maintain an erection necessary for sexual intercourse.
Because of the variability of symptoms, estimates of the incidence of erectile dysfunction vary but range from 15 million to 30 million affected men in the United States. Erectile dysfunction is frequently associated with damage to the cavernous nerve that results from surgery for prostate cancer. Even if a patient receives a nerve-sparing procedure during surgery, recovery from erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy may take a long time. In this study, which was led by Joseph C. Glorioso, III, Ph.D., chair of the department of biochemistry and molecular genetics, and Joel Nelson, M.D., chair of the department of urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, researchers inserted either the gene for the glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or the GDNF family ligand (neurturin) into a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus (HSV). They then injected either of the recombinant viruses into the damaged cavernous nerve of rats. GDNF is an important nerve growth promoter and has been shown in other studies to contribute to survival and regeneration of penile nerves.
Neurturin also is a nerve growth factor closely related to GDNF. Control mice received only the virus without the GDNF or neurterin genes inserted. Four weeks after the treatment, rats administered HSV-GDNF exhibited significant recovery of intracavernous pressure (ICP) and systemic arterial pressure (AP) compared with rats treated with the control virus or untreated mice with erectile dysfunction. Rats treated with HSV-neurturin also exhibited significant recovery of ICP and AP compared with the control or untreated mice at four weeks after treatment.
Fluorescent protein studies also showed that the delivered genes had been effectively incorporated into the target nerve cells. According to Dr. Glorioso, HSV delivery of GDNF or neurturin presents a potentially important new approach for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. "Because the herpes virus persists in the nerve cell for as long as it is alive and nerve cells typically do not reproduce, this represents the first-ever demonstration of a long-term treatment for erectile dysfunction that does not rely on the chronic administration of drugs that can have potentially harmful side effects," he explained.
The foods that traditionally make men quiver -- such as chili dogs, big bags of chips, and vats of onion dip -- may be great for team spirit, but they're not so great for the heart, blood pressure, and prostate (not to mention those washboard abs).
The good news is that there's been plenty of research over the past several years on what makes up a diet that's healthy for guys in particular. The result: A list of foods that could do for a man's health what the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue can do for his.
According to nutritionist Samantha Heller, MS, RD, the surprising truth is that one of the most important food groups for men is fats -- as long as they're the right kind. "Contrary to the common low-fat, no-fat message that seems to be everywhere, it's important for men to recognize that not all fats are bad, and some are essential to male health," says Heller, a nutritionist at NYU Medical Center in New York.
The "right fats," she says, include omega-3 fatty acids, the polyunsaturated fats found in foods such as cold-water fish, flaxseed, soybeans, canola oil, and walnuts. Eat them daily in moderate amounts, she says, and you may see a difference in overall body performance.
"Both poly- and monounsaturated oils confer benefits for your heart and arteries, immune system, and overall health, especially when they are substituted for the artery sludge-producing saturated fats found in foods like steak, sausage, pork, cheese, butter, and ice cream," says Heller.
But that's not all "good fats" can do. They're also the stuff of great testosterone levels.
"Omega-3 essential fatty acids are an important component for testosterone production, which in turn affects many areas of reproductive health as well as sexual functioning," says Leslie Bonci, MPH, RD, director of sports nutrition at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association.
But eat too much of the wrong kind of fat (such as the saturated fats found in red meat, ice cream, and doughnuts) and you might see your sex life -- not to mention your cardiovascular health -- plummet. The reason, says Bonci, is that while good fats reduce cholesterol and help keep arteries clear, bad fats do the opposite, clogging vessels and affecting circulation to your heart and below your waist, too.
"Sometimes the earliest sign of cardiovascular disease is impotence," Bonci says, because the tiny vessels are too clogged to pull in enough blood for an erection.
High-fat foods can interfere with prostate health. In a Harvard study of some 51,000 men, those who chowed down regularly on high-fat foods were nearly twice as likely to develop prostate cancer. According to the Harvard Men's Health Watch, a diet high in saturated fat can increase the risk of prostate cancer by as much as 90%.
If they want to keep their bodies humming like a well-oiled SUV, men also need to remove the "protein goggles" and recognize that, macho or not, "diets high in animal protein are going leave a man weak in the knees," Bonci says.
A new article shows that male factor infertility is associated with a number of medical comorbidities, as objectively scored with the hospital-based Charlson Comorbidity Index.
Dr. Andrea Salonia from the University Vita Salute San Raffaele Hospital, Department of Urology in Milan (IT): "Because a greater prevalence of cancers among men with abnormalities in fertility has been reported, our hypothesis was that men with male factor infertility (MFI) may also suffer from a higher rate of certain disorders other than cancers when compared with the general, age-comparable fertile population. The clinical observation of a significant rate of diseases among men with MFI prompted us to examine whether those patients are less healthy than age-comparable fertile men, as objectively scored with a comorbidity index, regardless of the reasons for infertility".
From September 2006 to September 2007, 344 European Caucasian men with MFI were enrolled in this prospective case-controlled study. Patients were enrolled if they were aged ≥18 yr and ≤60 yr and had MFI. Patients were compared with a control group of 293 age-comparable fertile European Caucasian men. Comorbidities of patients and fertile men were objectively scored with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) according to the International Classification of Diseases modified ninth version (ICD-9-CM) codes.
The study provides novel evidence that MFI accounts for a higher CCI, which may be considered a reliable proxy of a lower general health status, regardless of the etiology of pure MFI. "Since the current sample size is limited, we cannot derive general conclusions; therefore, additional studies in larger population-based samples are needed to confirm these results", according to Dr. Salonia.
Sexual dysfunction is not an inevitable part of aging, but it is strongly related a number of factors, such as mental and physical health, demographics and lifetime experiences, many of which are interrelated, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Chicago.
The study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, found that a history of sexually transmitted disease also has an impact on sexual health later in life. People who had an sexually transmitted diseases are also more likely to have had sexual experiences over their lifetimes that included more risks and multiple sex partners.
"Having had an STD roughly quadruples a woman's odds of reporting sexual pain and triples her lubrication problems," said Edward Laumann, the George Herbert Mead Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology at the University, and lead author of the paper, "Sexual Dysfunction Among Older Adults: Prevalence and Risk Factors from a Nationally Representative U.S. Probability Sample of Men and Women 57 to 85 Years of Age," published in the current issue of the Journal of Sexual Medicine.
Men are more than 5 times as likely to report sex as non-pleasurable if they have previously had an STD.
The study showed that women may be more likely than men to experience sexual dysfunction because of health issues. The most common problem for men is erectile dysfunction, a problem that increases with age.
"The results point to a need for physicians who are treating older adults experiencing sexual problems to take into account their physical health and also consider their mental health and their satisfaction with their intimate relationship in making any assessment," Laumann said.
The study is based on interviews with a national sample of 1,550 women and 1,455 men, ages 57 to 85, who were part of the 2005-2006 National Social Life, Health and Aging Project, a nationally representative survey of community-dwelling older U.S. adults. The survey collected data on social life, sexuality, health, and a broad range of biological measures.
The study is a companion to a 1999 study Laumann led that looked at sexual dysfunction among men and women, ages 18 to 59. That study found that physical health was a bigger predictor of sexual problems for men than it was for women. For that younger age group, having an STD did not increase the odds of experiencing sexual dysfunction.
The new study found that among older women, a common factor correlated with sexual dysfunction was urinary tract syndrome, which was associated with decreased interest in sex, as were mental health issues such as anxiety.
Among men, mental health issues and relationship problems contributed to a lack of interest in sex and the inability to achieve orgasm, while being treated for urinary tract syndrome was associated with trouble maintaining and achieving an erection.
Daily alcohol consumption seems to improve a woman's sexual health, increasing her interest and pleasure in sex. Among men, there was no reported impact of alcohol consumption. Demographic characteristics and cultural factors also are related to sexual performance, the study found. Hispanic women were twice as likely to report pain during intercourse. Among men, blacks were twice as likely to report a lack of interest in sex and more likely to report climaxing too early.
A healthy heart means all the usual plus don’t fight with your spouse
According to researchers in the U.S. older couples who argue and row harm their hearts.The researchers say the fighting results in artery disease both for wives and husbands.It seems hardening of the coronary arteries is more likely in wives when they and their husbands express hostility during marital disagreements, and more common in husbands when either they or their wives act in a controlling manner.The study by Professor Tim Smith and other psychologists from the University of Utah looked at 150 healthy, older, married couples, mostly in their 60s.
Professor Smith says they found that the levels of dominance or control in women or their husbands were not related to women's heart health, but women who are hostile are more likely to have atherosclerosis, especially if their husbands are hostile too. He says in men, the hostility either their own or their wives hostility during the interaction also wasn't related to atherosclerosis, but their dominance or controlling behavior - or their wives dominance - was related to atherosclerosis in husbands.
Smith suggests that a poor or low-quality relationship, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.The study began in 2002 and ended in 2005 and involved 150 married couples with at least one member between 60 and 70 years of age and the other one no more than five years older or younger.
The couples were recruited through newspaper advertisements and a polling firm and had no history of cardiovascular disease and were not taking medicine for it.Each husband and wife was paid $150 to participate, and also received free of charge a $300 CT scan to look for calcification in their coronary arteries - the arteries that supply the heart muscle and that can cause a heart attack when clogged.
Smith says that in otherwise healthy people, calcification represents hardening and narrowing of the arteries that puts them at risk for later heart attack.
Each couple were instructed to pick a topic that was the subject of disagreements in their marriage, then, while sitting in comfortable chairs and facing each other across a table, they discussed the chosen topic for 6 minutes while they were videotaped.
Psychology graduate students coded the videotaped conversations so that "each comment that reflected a complete thought" was given a code indicating the extent to which it was friendly versus hostile, and submissive versus dominant or controlling. According to Smith some of the marital discussions were calm and peaceful, but in some cases, the couples were so hostile, that the observers referred them to marriage counseling.
The researchers made the assumption that a couple's behavior during the discussion reflected their long-term pattern of behavior at home, if somewhat moderated.
Two days after their discussion, each couple underwent a CT scan of the chest at the University of Utah's Center for Advanced Medical Technologies to check each person's level of coronary artery calcification.
As the participants were all healthy, none of the "silent" atherosclerosis revealed by the CT scans amounted to a medical emergency, but says Smith there were people who had scores high enough to need to discuss it with their doctor, because statistically it placed them at a high risk of a coronary event.
In a nutshell the research reveals that hostility during marital disputes is bad for women's hearts, while controlling behavior during marital disputes is bad for men's hearts.
Smith says disagreements are an unavoidable fact of relationships, but it is clear that the way we talk during disagreements has an effect.
He says for men's heart health, couples need to find ways to talk about disagreements without trying to control each other, while for women's heart health couples need to find ways to have disagreements that are not hostile.
Spouses concerned about each other should avoid both hostility and controlling behavior during disagreements says Smith.
Previous research has indicated that close relationships are good for heart health and places people at less risk than feeling lonely and isolated does; but Smith says the new study suggests that the quality of those relationships is important.
Smith says a common factor is anger: wives' anger from feeling hostility or being subject to hostility; and husband's anger from experiencing or at least perceiving a challenge to their sense of control.
Smith does say as a word of warning, that people get heart disease for many reasons, and the most important form of protection for heart health remains - not to smoke, to exercise and follow a sensible diet.
But he says somewhere on the list should be, 'pay attention to your relationships'.
Practically everyone has been there that point in a date where you're still working up the nerve to kiss her, where you want to throw yourself all over him, where you want to go all the way¦ but are afraid. Its a high-wire act: walking the tightrope of appropriate versus inappropriate ways to convey your interests, with any wrong move at the wrong time resulting in a fall from grace. Luckily, there are some tips to getting you through just how fresh you should get on your first few dates:
- Gauge the flirting. Are you giving each other light touches? Holding each others gaze? Smiling at one another? Standing or sitting close to each other? Exchanging sincere compliments or sexy talk? Any of these are green-light indicators that your date is into you and craving more.
- What kind of conversation are you having? Is it full of open-ended questions so that youre learning more about one another? This shows interest and is one way to build future potential. Find out what your dates interests are and plan your next rendezvous around them, making sure to do things that invite touch-me-more opportunity.
- Test the waters with the age old "arm around your date" move, but pay attention to the reaction! Does she lean in? Does he put his arm around you too? Such responses can help you to ease your way into intimacy as you draw your date close, kissing his or her neck and ears first. If your date wants more, s/he will be sure to face you. Dont force intimacy if youre not getting positive reactions.
- As the outing draws to a close, give your date a gentle peck. If more is meant to happen, your date will respond with more kisses. Since you’re the initiator, wanting more, simply ask your date if s/he is okay with going farther. Checking in shows you care, which can only win points.
- If youre feeling good about each other, invite the person back to your place, but let your desires be known. Tell your date what youe comfortable with now and what youre looking forward to in the future – and that you respect his/her comfort level as well.
- If you were lucky enough to stay overnight, do not make an early exit. Aim for quality wake up time, full of cuddling and, perhaps, an encore performance.
- Call your date within 24-48 hours of parting express how much fun you had!
- Remember, less usually makes it more eventually. Leaving something to be desired will make both of you long to come back for more passionate, can’t-get-enough-of-you action.
Definite Donts:
- Dont misrepresent your intentions. If your agenda is strictly sexual, let that be known ahead of time. That way, both of you avoid disappointment if that’s not mutually desired.
- Dont underestimate the importance of manners respect your dates comfort level!
- Dont not make a move, as this will be misinterpreted that youre not interested.
- Dont give mixed signals. Communicate your wants, e.g. "I want to kiss you, but I don’t want to be inappropriate." Your date will be flattered by your concern.
- Dont be discouraged if you don’t get as far as you’d hoped. Your date may be into you, but wanting to take it slow.
- Dont put too much emphasis on the physical, as it will fall into place naturally as you focus on other things.
Ultimately, each situation and relationship will require a slightly different approach - but as long as you remain honest about your feelings and respectful of your partner, youll be well on your way to delightful intimacy.
Many arguments have been used in order to improve the image of Viagra or, in the contrary to steady the image of another product of this range which is called Cialis. Starting from the period of time it lasts in your body (4 hours in the case of Viagra or two days in what Cialis is concerned) and even the effects it produces over men suffering from diabetes ( when it was claimed that Cialis, besides having great effects, it doesn't affect the blood glucose control). We have reached the conclusion that claiming Cialis is better then Viagra, can turn out to be true and here are more arguments in favor of this idea:
When using Cialis as treatment for erectile disfunctions, let's say a tablet each day for instance, and than continues the treatment, will observe that in the second day approximately 20% of the first tablet is still persisting in your body. On the fourth day twenty two percent of the original doze will still remain and on the sixth day around twenty four percent of than one pill taken in the beginning of the process is still there, laying intact. As a result, a person who has realized that the first doze of Cialis is still running the effects on after thirty 6 hours, can be sure of the fact that a doze each day could result in performing a healthy and trouble less active sexual life.
It is natural that Cialis should also develop side effects in some cases which can be as serious and as harmful for the body as any other pill taken unappropriately. It has been discovered that after one doze of Cialis, 14 % of the men suffer from headaches and nine percent experience even heart burns. Despite this fact, if you are considering of using Cialis in this way, you should definitely do it under extreme medical surveillance.
Another point to be considered, in what concerns Cialis or any other similar drug, is whether it plays a role in providing sexual functions for women as well. Many cases and actions have ended in total failure as the sexual system at women is far more complex: for developing a satisfactory and fulfilling sexual life, women need more than just medication, which is the exact case of men.
Cialis can and will become the most sold product of this range for the simple fact that the experts who have created it, have thought about more important aspects than just performing the so waned erection.
New studies indicate the 3 drugs used to treat male impotence also appear to work in females, albeit a little differently, and should give the scientific community pause to take a second look at their potential in the 40 % of women who report sexual dysfunction, researchers say.
In one of the first studies of the effect of inhibitors - Viagra®, Levitra® and Cialis® - on the pudendal arteries that supply the penis, vagina and clitoris the blood needed to produce a satisfying sexual experience, Medical College of Georgia researchers showed the drugs relax the artery in male and female rats.
Although there was talk years ago of a pink pills for women to parallel the blue pills Viagra for men, early clinical trials found essentially no response in women.
MCG researchers decided to look again, first giving blue pills to constrict the internal pudendal arteries in male and female rats – as they would be in a non-erect state – then giving doses of each impotency blue pills to see the impact. The arteries from male rats displayed a relatively standard concentration-dependent relaxation – the more blue pills they got, the more they relaxed - while in females arteries, there was an initial relaxation then an odd oscillation between relaxation and contraction with subsequent dosing.
While they don't fully understand the swing, the unique female response likely provides more evidence that sexual function is more complex in females. They found one other distinction: females were more sensitive to Viagra® blue pills, or Sildenafil, while males were most sensitive to Levitra®, or vardenafil.